Presence of polycystic ovaries in a female’s body is called Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and can be seen by performing ultrasound. PCOS comes with an
array of complex health issues. However, there are possibilities that women
with PCOS do not have polycystic ovaries. Therefore, it is important to diagnose
PCOS. The doctors perform following tests to detect PCOS:
1. Endometrial Biopsy
2. Glucose Tolerance Test
3. Thyroid Panel
4. Blood Lipid Profile
At Pahlajani, we perform the physical examination of
women Physical to collect basic information like height, weight and blood
pressure.
Followed by, the pelvic examination. In this, reproductive organs
are visually and manually inspected to check masses, growths or other
abnormalities of the cysts.
Later, the levels of different hormones are measured through
blood tests to determine if menstrual abnormalities or androgen excess are not mimicking
PCOS.
Other tests include, fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels and a
glucose tolerance test. Blood tests are used to assess the levels of androgens
in your body. Blood tests for androgens (such as testosterone) and free
androgen index (FAI) are the best tests for diagnosing whether you have
hyperandrogenism (high androgen levels).
Finally, an ultrasound examination is carried out to see the
appearance of ovaries and the thickness of the lining of uterus. An ultrasound
of the uterus, ovaries and the pelvis can be carried out to identify whether
there are any cysts on your ovaries and whether an ovary is enlarged. A
transvaginal ultrasound is a painless test with no radiation. It uses a
pen–shaped probe with an ultrasound sensor on the tip, which is inserted into
the vagina. This produces a much clearer picture than an abdominal ultrasound. Transvaginal
ultrasounds are only performed on women who have been sexually active,
otherwise an abdominal scan is done where the ovaries are viewed from the
outside through the stomach wall.
Through the above tests, we measure the following -
1. Pituitary and Ovarian Hormone serum levels
2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
3. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
4. Estradiol
5. Progesterone
6. Prolactin
7. Circulating Androgens
8. Free testosterone
9. Free androgen index (FAI): 17-hydroxyprogesterone
10. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG): 24 hr. urinary free
cortisol
11. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)
The ovaries are polycystic because 12 or more follicles are
visible on one ovary or the size of one or both ovaries is increased
It can be because of,
1. High levels of ‘male’ hormones (androgens) in the blood
(hyperandrogenism). Symptoms - Excess hair growth, Acne
2. Menstrual dysfunction, lack of periods or menses
(menstrual flow), menstrual irregularity, lack of ovulation (where an egg is
released)
Women with PCOS should have a cholesterol and glucose
tolerance test in every two years, and blood pressure should be checked every
year.
Dr Neeraj Pahlajani
Obstetrician & IVF Specialist
(MS, DNB, FMAS, DRM - Germany)
MBBS - Lady Harding Medical College - New Delhi
MS - Obstetrics and Gynecology (PGI - Rohtak)
DNB - Obstetrics and Gynecology
FMAS - World Association of Laparoscopic Surgeons
DRM - Diploma in Reproductive Medicine (Germany)
Fellow in IVF & Embryology – (USA)
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Pahlajani
Test Tube Baby Centre
(Mata
Laxmi Nursing Home)
Anupam
Nagar, Near T.V. Tower, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) India
Phone:
+91- 771- 4052967, +91- 771- 4053285 Mobile: +91- 9300511044, +91-
9329630455
Email -
contact@raipurivf.com, sameerp5000@hotmail.com
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